J/A+A/560/A9ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/560/A9doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35600009CDSArgudo-Fernandez M.Verley S.Bergond G.Sulentic J.Sabater J.,Fernandez Lorenzo M.Leon S.Espada D.Verdes-Montenegro L.,Santander-Vela J.D.Ruiz J.E.Sanchez-Exposito S.2017-10-09T13:33:58Z2013-11-28T09:01:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometryspectroscopyTo understand the evolution of galaxies, it is necessary to have a reference sample where the effect of the environment is minimized and quantified. In the framework of the AMIGA project (Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated GAlaxies), we present a revision of the environment for galaxies in the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG, Karachentseva 1973, Cat. VII/82) using the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR9). The aims of this study are to refine the photometric-based AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies and to provide an improvement of the quantification of the isolation degree with respect to previous works, using both photometry and spectroscopy. We developed an automatic method to search for neighbours within a projected area of 1Mpc radius centred on each primary galaxy to revise the CIG isolation criteria introduced by Karachentseva (1973, Cat. VII/82). The local number density at the fifth nearest neighbour and the tidal strength affecting the CIG galaxy were estimated to quantify the isolation degree. Of the 636 CIG galaxies considered in the photometric study, 426 galaxies fulfil the CIG isolation criteria within 1Mpc, taking into account projected neighbours. Of the 411 CIG galaxies considered in the spectroscopic study, 347 galaxies fulfil the CIG isolation criteria when a criterion about redshift difference is added. The available redshifts allow us to reject background neighbours and thus improve the photometric assessment. On average, galaxies in the AMIGA sample show lower values in the local number density and the tidal strength parameters than galaxies in denser environments such as pairs, triplets, compact groups, and clusters. For the first time, the environment and the isolation degree of AMIGA galaxies are quantified using digital data. The use of the SDSS database permits one to identify fainter and smaller-size satellites than in previous AMIGA works. The AMIGA sample is improved by this study, because we reduced the sample of isolated galaxies used in previous AMIGA works by about 20%. The availability of the spectroscopic data allows us to check the validity of the CIG isolation criteria, which is not fully efficient. About 50% of the neighbours considered as potential companions in the photometric study are in fact background objects. We also find that about 92% of the neighbour galaxies that show recession velocities similar to the corresponding CIG galaxy are not considered by the CIG isolation criteria as potential companions, which may have a considerable influence on the evolution of the central CIG galaxy.2013A&A...560A...9Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/560/A9CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/82 : Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (Karachentseva+ 1986)J/A+A/411/391 : AMIGA project Revised positions for CIG galaxies (Leon+ 2003)J/A+A/436/443 : AMIGA I. Velocities of CIG galaxies (Verdes-Montenegro+ 2005)J/A+A/449/937 : AMIGA II. Morphological refinement (Sulentic+, 2006)J/A+A/462/507 : AMIGA III. IRAS data (Lisenfeld+, 2007)J/A+A/470/505 : AMIGA IV. Neighbours around CIG galaxies (Verley+, 2007)J/A+A/472/121 : AMIGA V. Isolation parameters (Verley+, 2007)J/A+A/485/475 : AMIGA VI. Radio fluxes of the isolated galaxies (Leon+ 2008)J/A+A/486/73 : AMIGA VII. FIR and radio study (Sabater+, 2008)J/A+A/532/A117 : AMIGA VIII. Flux ratio asymmetry parameter (Espada+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A102 : AMIGA IX. Molecular gas properties (Lisenfeld+, 2011)J/A+A/540/A47 : AMIGA X. Isolated galaxy colors (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2012)J/A+A/545/A15 : AMIGA XI. Optical nuclear activity (Sabater+, 2012)J/MNRAS/397/1756 : Fourier-derived parameters of CIG sample (Durbala+, 2009)J/MNRAS/434/325 : 452 AMIGA galaxies physical param. (Fernandez Lorenzo+, 2013)http://amiga.iaa.es : AMIGA Home Pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/560/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/560/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/560/A9https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/560/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/560/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/560/A9GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/560/A9/table2 (Revision of the isolation degree using photometric database)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.773575-1.91375830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/560/A9/table4 (Revision of the isolation degree using spectroscopic database)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/560/A9/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.6328-0.7376750.0055555555555555566/644 647 664 693 700-701 743 749 762 905 939 1067 2051-2052 2068 2077 2089 2111 2125 2132 2138 2141 2146 2165 2171 2217 2249 2664 4104 4111-4112 4114 4125 4138 4141 4192 4204 4218 4225 4229 4240 4254 4257 4264 4271 4276 4278 4281 4284 4306-4307 4379 4385 4391-4392 4425 4455 4503 4505 4507 4512 4514-4515 4570 4597 4618 4633 4661 4673 4714-4715 4720-4721 4733 4757 4765-4767 4787-4789 4791 4798-4799 4820 4822 4824 4828 4846 4852 4857 4885 4907 4909 4912 4934 4941 4945 4955 4971 5003 5029 5046 5080 5087 5096 5121-5122 5137 5146 5165 5237 5299 5309 5321 5340 5355 5386 5392 5415 5483 5520 5669 5677 5683 5705 5787 5815 5818 5820 5822 5849 5872 5882-5884 5887 5922 5933 5962 6033 6092 6120 6210 6239 6259 6265 6362 6366 6411 6460 6491 6534 6536 6540 6588 6594 6609 6637 6740 6929 7177 7204 7241 7262 7282 7289 7330 7342 7348 7382-7383 7404 7443 7454-7455 7457 7460 7470 7476 7526 7552 7558 7576 7644 7743 7784 8205 8277 8280 8308-8309 8323 8336-8337 8449 8473 8488 8498 8506 8591 8611 8637 8646 8682 8721 8724 8764 8811 8820 8888 8892-8893 8900 8905 8915 8939 8958-8959 9099 9228 9233 9244 9248 9382 9411 9434-9435 9450 9553 9591 9667 9687 9740 9750 9777 9779 9792 9804 9808 9879 9914 9961 9969 9986 10001 10038 10144 10149 10190 10206 10280 10326 10328 10384 10497 10507 10546 10553 10577 10579 10590 10626 10705 10711 10721 10759 10780 10799 10802 10895 10992 11080 11082 11118 11127 11138 11162 11192 11218 11230 11245 11272 11283 11311 11342 11379 11417-11418 11446 11463 11494 11502 11512 11514 11569 11600 11611 11826 11904 11915 11949 12291 12368 12390-12391 12400 12403 12544 12547 12551 12564 12614 12631 12658-12659 12687 12723 12730 12753 13342 13350 13376 13387 13391 13402 13409 13441-13442 13446 13456-13457 13580-13581 15353 15919 16270 17398 17775 17791 17827 17835 17844 17855 17875 17886 17903 18047 18069 18081 18098-18099 18158 18181 18198 18226 18229 18246 18266 18271 18292 18295 18335 18350 18352 18375 18801 18804 18809 18829 18839 18848 18911 18926 18997 19004 19020 19027 19041 19045 19051 19053 19061 19084 19127 19130 19138-19139 19145 19147 19152 19178 19183 19197 19217 19255 19265 19267 19272 19274 19282 19286 19301 19307-19308 19310 19344 19373 19401 19411 19423 19434 19444 19451 19458 19472 19484 19499 19502 19543-19544 19550 19570 19578 19593 19637 19642 19647 19668 19695 19790 19823 19846 19886 19892 19955 19961 20000 20017 20030 20040 20053 20057 20065 20094 20096 20119 20139 20150 20180 20185 20187-20189 20191 20214 20225 20227 20242 20259 20274 20291 20301 20305 20330 20363 20372 20380 20405 20418 20448 21845 21857 21869 21871 21886 22357 23269-23270 23470 25851 25960 25971 26006 26009 26014 26021 26220 26233 26235 26258 26274 26287 26321 26340 26380 26418-26419 26533 26546 26580 26604 26612 26614 26940 26956-26957 26960 26970 26975 26981 26993 26999 27001 27017 27069 27088 27101 27215 27223 27227 27229 27271 27292 27304-27305 27310 27313-27314 27316 27319 27330 27342 27361 27368 27372 27385 27414 27451 27458 27500 27535 27547 27552 27561 27566 27582 27592-27594 27613 27650 27656 27659 27683 27779 27784 27885 27899-27900 27903 27972 27976 27996 28021 28098 28107 28112 28138 28141 28160-28161 28166 28192 28204 28259 28296 28303 28317 28323 28363 28395 28454 28465 28501 28557 28575 30036 30038 30043 30053 30055 31294 31334 31385 31424 31429 31432-31433 31590 31626 31642 31644 31677 31705 31730 31733 31740 32414 32422 32427-32428 32431 32443 32478 40956 45050https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/560/A9?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/560/A9/table2Revision of the isolation degree using photometric databaserecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharCIGCIG (VII/82) number, <K73 NNNN> in Simbadmeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryr1MpcProjected angular radius r_1Mpc_ equal to the adopted distance at 1 Mpcarcminphys.angSizefloatratioRatio r_1Mpc_/r_80Dp_ between the projected angular radius at 1Mpc over the original field radius used in the CIG isolation criteriapos.distance;arith.ratiofloatisol[0/1] Result of the CIG isolation criteria: "1" if the galaxy passes, "0" if it failsmeta.codeintQ[-4.2/809] Tidal strength estimate Q_Kar,p_ of similar-size neighbourssrc.morph.paramfloatetaLocal number density {eta}_k,p_ of similar-size neighboursphys.densityfloatAMIGADisplay the data from all AMIGA papersmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/560/A9/table4Revision of the isolation degree using spectroscopic databaserecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCIGCIG (VII/82) number, <K73 NNNN> in Simbadmeta.id;meta.mainintisol[0/1] Result of the CIG isolation criteria for neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/s (1=passes, 0=fails)meta.codeintk500[0/35] Number of neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/smeta.numberintQ500? Tidal strength Q_500_ estimation using neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/ssrc.morph.paramfloatnullablef_Q500[0/2] Flag in Q500: 2 if k500=0, 0 if k500>=1meta.codeinteta? Local number density {eta}_k,500_ using neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/sphys.densityfloatnullablef_eta[0/2] Flag in eta: 2 if k500=0, 1 if k500=1, 0 if k500>=2meta.codeintzcomp[0/100] Redshift completeness in the field%meta.notefloatk500u[0/35] Number of neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/s using upper limitsmeta.numberintQ500u? Tidal strength Q_500,ul_ upper limit estimation using neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/ssrc.morph.paramfloatnullablef_Q500u[0/2] Flag in Q500u: 2 if k500u=0, 0 if k500u>=1meta.codeinteta.u? Local number density {eta}_k,500,ul_ upper limit using neighbours within 1Mpc and |{Delta}v|<=500km/sphys.densityfloatnullablef_eta.u[0/2] Flag in eta.u: 2 if k500u=0, 1 if k500u=1, 0 if k500u>=1meta.codeintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main