J/A+A/555/A64ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/555/A64doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35550064CDSMaaskant K.M.Honda M.Waters L.B.F.M.Tielens A.G.G.M.Dominik C.,Min M.Verhoeff A.Meeus G.van den Ancker M.E.2017-06-13T11:08:44Z2013-07-01T10:08:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fremission-line-starsbe-starsphotometryspectral-energy-distributionThe evolution of protoplanetary disks towards mature planetary systems is expected to include the formation of 'gaps' in the disk possibly due to planet formation. We studied the disks of four key intermediate mass (Herbig Ae/Be) stars in order to understand the influence of gaps to their observational appearance. We investigate mid-infrared images and perform radiative transfer modeling to examine the radial distribution of dust and PAHs. Our solutions constrain the sizes of the gaps. For one particular object, HD 97048, this is the first detection of a disk gap. The large gaps deplete the entire population of silicate particles with temperatures suitable for prominent mid-infrared feature emission, while small carbonaceous grains and PAHs can still show prominent emission at mid-infrared wavelengths. The absence of silicate emission features is due to the presence of large gaps in the critical temperature regime. Our results suggest that many, if not all Herbig disks with weak or no silicate features in the spectrum are disks with large gaps and can be characterized as (pre-)transitional. We conclude that the evolution of Herbig stars follows two different paths. Competition between the timescales of inner versus outer disk evolution determine whether young protoplanetary disks evolve into transitional disks (due to planet formation in the inner disk) or into flat disks (due to the grain growth and dust settling in the outer disk).2013A&A...555A..64Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/555/A64CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/225 : Oxford 2 AC Zone Data Reduced to ACRS (Urban+ 1996)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)J/A+A/372/173 : ISOCAM observations of the rho Ophiuchi cloud (Bontemps+ 2001)J/A+A/380/609 : Southern emission-line stars multiphotometry (de Winter+ 2001)J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of {rho} Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)J/ApJS/175/277 : Submillimeter-Continuum SCUBA detections (Di Francesco+ 2008)J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks in binary systems (Cieza+ 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/555/A64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/555/A64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/555/A64https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/555/A64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/555/A64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/555/A64GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/555/A64/table1 (Star and disk parameters used in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/555/A64/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/555/A64/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/555/A64/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true167.0138333-77.65485560.0055555555555555566/28762 36956 42981 44049https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/555/A64?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/555/A64/table1Star and disk parameters used in this studyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintLLuminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloate_Lrms uncertainty on LsolLumstat.errorfloatAVAbsorption in V bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatDistDistancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintE_DistError on Dist (upper value)pcstat.error;stat.maxinte_DistError on Dist (lower value)pcstat.errorintMassMasssolMassphys.massfloatInclInclination angledegsrc.orbital.inclination;pos.posAngintFileNameName of the file with photometrymeta.id;phot;meta.filecharSEDPlot of the SEDmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharJ/A+A/555/A64/tablea1Photometry of HD97048recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFilterPhotometric filter IDmeta.id;instr.filtercharlambda[0.15/2000] Wavelength {lambda}umem.wlfloatFluxFluxJyphot.fluxfloate_FluxFlux errorJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatr_FluxReference to original data source or paper, in refs.dat filemeta.refintJ/A+A/555/A64/tablea2Photometry of HD169142FluxFluxJyphot.fluxfloatlambda[0.15/2000] Wavelength {lambda}umem.wlfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFilterPhotometric filter IDmeta.id;instr.filterchare_FluxFlux errorJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatr_FluxReference to original data source or paper, in refs.dat filemeta.refintJ/A+A/555/A64/tablea3Photometry of HD135344BrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFilterPhotometric filter IDmeta.id;instr.filtercharlambda[0.15/2000] Wavelength {lambda}umem.wlfloatFluxFluxJyphot.fluxfloate_FluxFlux errorJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatr_FluxReference to original data source or paper, in refs.dat filemeta.refintJ/A+A/555/A64/tablea4Photometry of Oph IRS 48FluxFluxJyphot.fluxfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFilterPhotometric filter IDmeta.id;instr.filtercharlambda[0.15/2000] Wavelength {lambda}umem.wlfloate_FluxFlux errorJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatr_FluxReference to original data source or paper, in refs.dat filemeta.refintJ/A+A/555/A64/refsReferencesComCommentsmeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutAuthors or catalog namemeta.bib.authorchar