J/A+A/550/A21ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/550/A21doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35500021CDSSanchez-Monge A.Beltran M.T.Cesaroni R.Fontani F.Brand J.,Molinari S.Testi L.Burton M.2018-02-01T11:50:43Z2013-01-21T13:14:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsinterstellar-mediumastrophysical-masersradio-astronomyradio-continuum-emissionob-starsWe present Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of the H_2_O maser line and radio continuum at 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz toward a sample of 192 massive star-forming regions containing several clumps already imaged at 1.2mm. The main aim of this study is to investigate the water maser and centimeter continuum emission (that likely traces thermal free-free emission) in sources at different evolutionary stages, using evolutionary classifications previously published. We used the recently comissioned Compact Array Broadband Backend (CABB) at ATCA that obtains images with 20arcsec resolution in the 1.3cm continuum and H_2_O maser emission in all targets. For the evolutionary analysis of the sources we used millimeter continuum emission from the literature and the infrared emission from the MSX Point Source Catalog. We detect centimeter continuum emission in 88% of the observed fields with a typical rms noise level of 0.45mJy/beam. Most of the fields show a single radio continuum source, while in 20% of them we identify multiple components. A total of 214 centimeter continuum sources have been identified, that likely trace optically thin HII regions, with physical parameters typical of both extended and compact HII regions. Water maser emission was detected in 41% of the regions, resulting in a total of 85 distinct components. The low angular (20arcsec) and spectral (14km/s) resolutions do not allow a proper analysis of the water maser emission, but suffice to investigate its association with the continuum sources. We have also studied the detection rate of HII regions in the two types of IRAS sources defined in the literature on the basis of the IRAS colors: High and Low. No significant differences are found, with high detection rates (>90%) for both High and Low sources. We classify the millimeter and infrared sources in our fields in three evolutionary stages following the scheme presented previously: (Type 1) millimeter-only sources, (Type 2) millimeter plus infrared sources, (Type 3) infrared-only sources. We find that HII regions are mainly associated with Type 2 and Type 3 objects, confirming that these are more evolved than Type 1 sources. The HII regions associated with Type 3 sources are slightly less dense and larger in size than those associated with Type 2 sources, as expected if the HII region expands as it evolves, and Type 3 objects are older than Type 2 objects. The maser emission is mostly found to be associated with Type 1 and Type 2 sources, with a higher detection rate toward Type 2, consistent with the results of the literature. Finally, our results on HII region and H_2_O maser association with different evolutionary types confirm the evolutionary classification proposed previously.2013A&A...550A..21Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/550/A21CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/447/221 : Dust continuum emission from IRAS sources (Beltran+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/550/A21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/550/A21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/550/A21https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/550/A21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/550/A21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/550/A21GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/masers (Water masers detected (table4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/masers?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/masers?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/masers?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true131.39049167-43.868291670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/type2 (Sources classified as Type 2 objects (table8))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true123.985-36.1340.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/type1 (Sources classified as Type 1 objects (table7))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true131.382-43.8390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/type3 (Sources classified as Type 3 objects (table9))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/type3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true123.997-36.140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/obs (Target fields observed with ATCA at 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz (table1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/obs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/obs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/obs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true123.9958333-36.13833330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/550/A21/cm (ATCA centimeter continuum sources at 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz (table3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/cm?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/cm?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/550/A21/cm?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true124.001667-36.1410560.0055555555555555565/9482 10420 10543 10624 6/28806 28808-28809 28812-28813 28825 28890-28891 29112 29162 37244 37334-37335 37341 37343 37361 37364 37366 37369 37372 37374 37752 37844 37846 37848 37850 37852 37872 37887 37894-37895 37900 37902 37923 37932 37934 38016 38024-38026 38032 39248 39250-39251 39273 39375 41599 41652 41655 41660-41661 41663 41673 41676-41677 41684 41686 41706 41758 41766 41770 41776 41780-41782 41801 41803-41804 41806 41809 41813-41816 41824 42154 42159 42169-42171 42207 42211 42224 42227-42229 42378-42379 42381-42382 42389 42392 42397 42407 42435-42437 42441 42449-42451 42456-42458 42460 42512 42516 43015 43017-43019 43021 430411.1926925226554418e-23 1.5107438114773274e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/550/A21?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/550/A21/hiiPhysical parameters of optically thin HII regions, and spectral indices (table5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionName of the region with IRAS source name, HHMMm+DDMM_N (G1)obs.fieldcharSeqHII? ATCA source numbermeta.idintnullableFreq? Frequency used to derive physical parametersGHzem.freqfloatnullableDist? Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablel_RadiusLimit flag on radiusmeta.code.error;phys.size.radiuscharRadius? Radius of the HII regionpcphys.size.radiusfloatnullablel_TbLimit flag on brightness temperaturemeta.code.errorcharTb? Brightness temperature of the HII regionKphys.temperature;obs.fielddoublenullablel_neLimit flag on electron densitymeta.code.errorcharne? Electron density of the HII regioncm**-3phys.densitydoublenullablel_EMLimit flag on emission measuremeta.code.errorcharEM? Emission measure of the HII regionpc.cm**-6phys.emissMeasure;obs.fielddoublenullablel_MiLimit flag on mass of ionized gasmeta.code.errorcharMi? Mass of ionized gassolMassphys.massdoublenullablelogNLy? logarithmic Lyman continuum luminositylog(s**-1)phys.luminosityfloatnullableSpTypeMK spectral type of the ionizing ZAMS starsrc.spTypecharSpIndex? Spectral index {alpha} between 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz (S_{nu}_{prop.to}{nu}^{alpha}^)spect.index;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullableB06Details from Beltran et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/447/221meta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/550/A21/masersWater masers detected (table4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqMNumber of water maser componentphys.luminosityintRegionName of the region with IRAS source name, HHMMm+DDMM_N (G1)obs.fieldcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainFluxdVIntegrated flux over the whole velocity rangeJy.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiodoubleVpeakVelocity of the water maser componentkm/sphys.velocintB06Details from Beltran et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/447/221meta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/550/A21/type2Sources classified as Type 2 objects (table8)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASmIRAS field containing the millimeter sourceobs.fieldcharSeqmNumber of the millimeter source (G2)meta.idintRAmMillimeter source Righ Ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEmMillimeter source Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSeqXName of the MSX sourcemeta.idcharRAXdegMSX Righ Ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.raDEXdegMSX Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.decIRAScIRAS field containing the centimeter sourceobs.fieldcharSeqc? Number of the centimeter source (G3)meta.idintnullableIRASMIRAS field containing the water maserobs.fieldcharSeqM? Number of the water maser (G4)meta.idintnullableJ/A+A/550/A21/type1Sources classified as Type 1 objects (table7)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASmIRAS field containing the millimeter sourceobs.fieldcharSeqmNumber of the millimeter source (G2)meta.idintRAmMillimeter source Righ Ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEmMillimeter source Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIRAScIRAS field containing the centimeter sourceobs.fieldcharSeqc? Number of the centimeter source (G3)meta.idintnullableIRASMIRAS field containing the water maserobs.fieldcharSeqM? Number of the water maser (G4)meta.idintnullableJ/A+A/550/A21/type3Sources classified as Type 3 objects (table9)SeqM? Number of the water maser (G4)meta.idintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqXName of the MSX sourcemeta.idcharRAXMSX Righ Ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEXMSX Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIRAScIRAS field containing the centimeter sourceobs.fieldcharSeqc? Number of the centimeter source (G3)meta.idintnullableIRASMIRAS field containing the water maserobs.fieldcharJ/A+A/550/A21/obsTarget fields observed with ATCA at 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz (table1)DateDay of observation (2)time.epochcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionName of the region with IRAS source name, HHMMm+DDMM_N (G1)obs.fieldcharprimaryType[H/L] High/Low IRAS source (1)src.classcharDist? Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatbmaj18Major axis of synthesized beam at 18.0GHzarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatbmin18Minor axis of synthesized beam at 18.0GHzarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatbPA18[-90/90] Position angle of synthesized beam at 18.0GHzdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintrms18rms noise level at 18.0GHz (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublebmaj22Major axis of synthesized beam at 22.8GHzarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatbmin22Minor axis of synthesized beam at 22.8GHzarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatbPA22[-90/90] Position angle of synthesized beam at 22.8GHzdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintrms22rms noise level at 22.8GHz (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoubleB06Details from Beltran et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/447/221meta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/550/A21/cmATCA centimeter continuum sources at 18.0GHz and 22.8GHz (table3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRegionName of the region with IRAS source name, HHMMm+DDMM_N (G1) (1)obs.fieldcharSeqc[1/4]? ATCA source numbermeta.idintnullableRAJ2000? Right ascension (J2000.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Declination (J2000.0)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablel_Ipeak18Limit flag on intensity at 18.0GHzmeta.code.errorcharIpeak18Primary beam corrected intensity at 18.0GHz (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatFlux18? Primary beam corrected flux density at 18.0GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullableFWHP18? full width at half power at 18.0GHzarcsecspect.line.widthfloatnullablel_Size18Limit flag on size at 18.0GHzmeta.code.error;pos.distance;phys.sizecharSize18? deconvolved size at 18.0GHzarcsecphys.size.radiusfloatnullablel_Ipeak22Limit flag on intensity at 22.8GHzmeta.code.errorcharIpeak22Primary beam corrected intensity at 22.8GHz (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatFlux22? Primary beam corrected flux density at 22.8GHzJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloatnullableFWHP22? full width at half power at 22.8GHzarcsecspect.line.widthfloatnullablel_Size22? Limit flag on size at 22.8GHzmeta.code.error;pos.distance;phys.sizecharSize22? deconvolved size at 22.8GHzarcsecphys.size.radiusfloatnullableMaser[Y ] Association with water masermeta.codecharB06Details from Beltran et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/447/221meta.ref.urlchar