J/A+A/545/A66ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/545/A66doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35450066CDSBallo L.Heras F.J.H.Barcons X.Carrera F.J.2017-06-13T11:09:18Z2012-09-10T08:37:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiquasarsx-ray-sourcesradio-sourcesX-ray emission from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is dominated by the accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The radio luminosity, however, has not such a clear origin except in the most powerful sources where jets are evident. The origin (and even the very existence) of the local bi-modal distribution in radio-loudness is also a debated issue. By analysing X-ray, optical and radio properties of a large sample of type 1 AGN and quasars (QSOs) up to z>2, where the bulk of this population resides, we aim to explore the interplay between radio and X-ray emission in AGN, in order to further our knowledge on the origin of radio emission, and its relation to accretion. We analyse a large (~800 sources) sample of type 1 AGN and QSOs selected from the 2XMMi XMM-Newton X-ray source catalogue, cross-correlated with the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic catalogue, covering a redshift range from z~0.3 to z~2.3. Supermassive black hole masses are estimated from the Mg II emission line, bolometric luminosities from the X-ray data, and radio emission or upper limits from the FIRST catalogue. Most of the sources accrete close to the Eddington limit and the distribution in radio-loudness does not appear to have a bi-modal behaviour. We confirm that radio-loud AGN are also X-ray loud, with an X-ray-to-optical ratio up to twice that of radio-quiet objects, even excluding the most extreme strongly jetted sources. By analysing complementary radio-selected control samples, we find evidence that these conclusions are not an effect of the X-ray selection, but are likely a property of the dominant QSO population. Our findings are best interpreted in a context where radio emission in AGN, with the exception of a minority of beamed sources, arises from very close to the accretion disk and is therefore heavily linked to X-ray emission. We also speculate that the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy might either be an evolutionary effect that developed well after the QSO peak epoch, or an effect of incompleteness in small samples.2012A&A...545A..66Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/545/A66CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/41 : XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue 2XMMi-DR3 (XMM-SSC, 2010)VIII/71 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 03Apr11 (Becker+ 2003)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/545/A66https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/545/A66http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/545/A66https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/545/A66https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/545/A66http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/545/A66GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/545/A66/AGNs (Properties of the 852 X-ray selected (+11 X-ray undetected) SDSS type 1 AGNs falling in the FIRST field)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/545/A66/AGNs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/545/A66/AGNs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/545/A66/AGNs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.54186890.85746190.0055555555555555565/6814 6/4158 4245 4285 4314 4333 4345 4391 4403 4438-4439 4447-4448 4536 4540 4567 4575 4653 4695 4698 4831 4838 4859 4865 4867 4921 4924 4946 4955 4964-4965 4976 4992 5069 5091 5112 5116 5135 5241 5247 5293 5305 5367 5369 5417 5420 5423 5429 5434 5437 5469 5482 5535-5536 5538 5545 5560 5568-5569 5576 5587 5607 5610 5630 5671 5675 5687 5701 5711-5712 5715 5731 5733 5758 5794 5798 5857 5860 5862 5864 5870 5970 5975-5976 5984-5985 6033 6056-6057 6062 6067 6069 6073 6075 6098 6124 6249 6251 6340 6384 6458 6467 6470 6498 6574 6618 6639 6645 7178 7210-7211 7241 7259 7266-7267 7273 7281 7309 7323 7424 7426 7446 7477 7485 7522 7552 7604 7606 8195-8196 8224 8258 8268 8324 8442 8524 8546 8574 8644 8681 8707 8843 8845 8906 8909 8927 8941 8943 8950 8952 8956 8969 9018 9036 9077 9112 9168 9181 9353 9436 9443 9457 9468 9471 9476 9632 9771 9831 9895 9959 10116 10182 10189 10255 10271 10293 10301 10306 10312-10313 10321 10336 10338 10374 10378-10379 10383 10391 10394 10399-10401 10414 10417 10422 10442 10449 10454 10464-10465 10472 10484 10527 10549 10578 10599 10601 10604 10630 10637 10653 10657 10664 10691 10694 10708-10709 10761 10763 10765 10769 10772 10797 10799 10817 10896 10911-10912 10925 10936 10938 10963 10977 10979-10980 10999 11027 11033 11071 11080 11084 11101 11112 11204 11206 11208-11209 11217 11230 11252-11253 11262-11264 11288 11314 11337 11351-11353 11355 11375 11377 11392 11424 11460-11461 11498 11512 11514 11591 11787 11790-11791 11829 11845 11856 11911 11924-11925 11931-11933 11936 11953 17237 17492-17493 17497 17745 17749 17754 17761 17764 17816 17819 17840 18002-18003 18009 18028 18032 18069 18073 18092 18096 18365 18367 18385 18601 18604 18607 18780 18782 18795 18800 19023 19091 19097 19416 19996 23145 23190-23191 23208 23210 25852 25919 25957 25965 25974 25980 25982 25991 26019 26022 26025 26028 26090-26091 26175 26188-26189 26195 26209 26219 26223 26267 26289 26292 26298 26303 26310 26313 26316 26346 26370 26407 26427 26443 26540 26542 26561 26563 26951 26970 26975 27004-27005 27051 27097 27100 27102 27127 27133 27219 27225 27245-27247 27342-27344 27350 27364 27393 27423 27428 27440 27537 27580 27617 27652 27664 27699 27714-27715 27719-27722 27728 27742 27767 27772-27773 27860-27862 27907 27934 27939 27941 27945 27948 27950 27963 27966 27975-27976 28015 28022 28026 28029 28034-28035 28037 28045 28050 28062 28075 28081 28123 28126-28127 28141-28142 28148-28149 28154 28184 28221 28251 28334 28344 28346 28356 28376-28377 28393 28430 28446 28471 28492 28495 28497 28515 28517 28534-28535 28540-28541 28583 28589 30029 31354 31389 31391 31396 31398-31399 31406 31628 31652 31712 36785 36792 36794 36861 450449.939104355462015e-25 7.945783846626256e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/545/A66?format=asciiX-rayRadiodefaultJ/A+A/545/A66/AGNsProperties of the 852 X-ray selected (+11 X-ray undetected) SDSS type 1 AGNs falling in the FIRST fieldSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharRlim? Upper limit to Rphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintXMM? XMM source ID number, SRCID_XMM (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintnullablef_XMMArbitrary ID number for X-ray undetected sources, NNXmeta.codecharRAJ2000XMM Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000XMM Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_FX[l] If upper limit in X-raymeta.code.errorcharFXX-ray flux (0.2-12keV) (10^-14^erg/cm^2^/s)1e-17W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_FX? X-ray flux error (0.2-12keV)1e-17W.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullablezSDSS redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublee_zSDSS redshift errorstat.error;src.redshiftdoubleSDSSSDSS source ID number, specObjID_SDSSmeta.id.crosscharRA2degSDSS Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDE2degSDSS Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.decgmagSDSS g-filter magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatrmagSDSS r-filter magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatimagSDSS i-filter magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatsigMgStandard deviation of MgII line0.1nmstat.stdevfloate_sigMgMgII standard deviation error0.1nmstat.errorfloatFcMgContinuum below the MgII line (10^-17^erg/cm^2^/s/{AA})1e-19W.m**-2.nm**-1phot.fluxfloatFR? FIRST (Cat. VIII/71) integrated radio flux at 1.5GHzmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablen_FR[Ou] Flag when no radio flux value (G2)meta.notechare_FR? Error on FRmJystat.errorfloatnullableNHgalGalactic column density1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticfloatr_W(Mg)[-*] Origin of W(Mg) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharW(Mg)FWHM of the MgII emission linekm/sspect.line.widthfloate_W(Mg)MgII FWHM errorkm/sstat.errorfloatr_logL3000[-*] Origin of logL3000 (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogL3000Luminosity at 3000{AA} rest frame (erg/cm^2^/{AA})log(uW.nm**-1)phys.luminosityfloate_logL3000error in the logL3000log(uW.nm**-1)stat.errorfloatr_logMBH[-*] Origin of logMBH (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogMBHMass of the central black holelog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMBHerror in the log of BH masslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatl_logLx[l] If upper limit in logLxmeta.code.errorcharlogLxX-ray luminosity log(L(2-10keV))log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloate_logLx? rms uncertainty on logLxlog(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logLx/Edd[l] If upper limit in Lx/Eddmeta.code.errorcharlogLx/EddX-ray/Eddington luminosity ratio =log(L_X_/L_Edd_)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloate_logLx/Edd? rms uncertainty on logLx/Eddstat.errorfloatnullablel_logKx[l] If upper limit in logKxmeta.code.errorcharlogKxX-ray (2-10keV) bolometric correction {kappa}=L_bol_/L_X_phot.mag.bcfloate_logKx? rms uncertainty on logKxstat.errorfloatnullablel_logLbol[l] If upper limit in the logLbolmeta.code.errorcharlogLbolBolometric luminosity log(L_bol_)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloate_logLbol? rms uncertainty on logLbollog(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logEdd[l] If upper limit in logEddmeta.code.errorcharlogEddEddington ratio log{lambda}_Edd_ ({lambda}_Edd_=L_bol_/L_Edd_)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloate_logEdd? rms uncertainty on logEddstat.errorfloatnullableF2500Flux at 2500{AA} rest framemJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublee_F2500rms uncertainty on F2500mJystat.errordoublel_aox[l-] If upper limit in X-raymeta.code.errorcharaoxX-ray to optical spectral indexspect.indexfloate_aox? rms uncertainty on aoxstat.errorfloatnullableF4400? Flux at 4400{AA} rest frame (1)mJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_F4400? rms uncertainty on F4400 (1)mJystat.errordoublenullableF5GHz? Flux at 5GHz rest framemJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzdoublenullablef_F5GHz[Ou] Reason of missing F5GHz (G2)meta.codechare_F5GHz? rms uncertainty on F5GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableF5GHzlim? Upper limit to flux at 5GHzmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatnullablef_F5GHzlim[O-] Flag on F5GHzlim (2)meta.codechare_F5GHzlim? rms uncertainty on F5GHzlimmJystat.errorfloatnullableR? Radio to UV radioloudnessphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablef_R[Ou] Reason of missing R (G2)meta.codechare_R? Radio-UV radioloudness errorstat.errorfloatnullablef_Rlim[O-] Flag on Rlim (2)meta.codechare_Rlim? rms uncertainty on Rlimstat.errorfloatnullableClass? Radio classification (3)meta.code.classcharR4400? Radio to optical radioloudnessphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablef_R4400[Ou-] Flag on R4400 (4)meta.codechare_R4400? Radio-opt. radioloudness errorstat.errorfloatnullableR4400lim? Upper limit to R4400phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablef_R4400lim[O-] Flag on R4400lim (5)meta.codechare_R4400lim? rms uncertainty on R4400limstat.errorfloatnullableRX? Radio to X-ray radioloudnessphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablef_RX[Ou-] Flag on RX (2)meta.codechare_RX? rms uncertainty on RXstat.errordoublenullablel_RXlim[u] u if RXlim is a lower limit for radio-detected and X-ray undetected sourcesmeta.code.errorcharRXlim? Upper limit for X-ray detected AGN not detected by FIRSTphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablef_RXlim[O] Reason of missing RXlim (G2)meta.codechare_RXlim? rms uncertainty on RXlimstat.errordoublenullableSloanDisplay the SDSS data for this AGNmeta.ref.urlcharFIRSTDisplay the FIRST data for this AGNmeta.ref.urlchar