J/A+A/544/A146ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/544/A146doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35440146CDSWienen M.Wyrowski F.Schuller F.Menten K.M.Walmsley C.M.,Bronfman L.Motte F.2017-06-19T07:57:07Z2012-08-17T08:08:46ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-planesmilky-way-galaxyinterstellar-mediumradial-velocityradio-spectroscopysurveysThe APEX Telescope Large Area Survey: The Galaxy (ATLASGAL) is an unbiased continuum survey of the inner Galactic disk at 870 micron. It covers +/-60{deg} in Galactic longitude and aims to find all massive clumps at various stages of high-mass star formation in the inner Galaxy, particularly the earliest evolutionary phases. We aim to determine properties such as the gas kinetic temperature and dynamics of new massive cold clumps found by ATLASGAL. Most importantly, we derived their kinematical distances from the measured line velocities. We observed the ammonia (J,K)=(1,1) to (3,3) inversion transitions toward 862 clumps of a flux-limited sample of submm clumps detected by ATLASGAL and extracted ^13^CO(1-0) spectra from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). We determined distances for a subsample located at the tangential points (71 sources) and for 277 clumps whose near/far distance ambiguity is resolved. Most ATLASGAL clumps are cold with rotational temperatures from 10-30K with a median of 17K. They have a wide range of NH_3_ linewidths (1-7km/s with 1.9km/s as median, which by far exceeds the thermal linewidth, as well as a broad distribution of high column densities from 10^14^ to 10^16^cm^-2^ (median of 2x10^15^cm^-2^) with an NH_3_ abundance in the range of 5 to 30x10^-8^. ATLASGAL sources are massive, >100M_{sun}_, and a fraction of clumps with a broad linewidth is in virial equilibrium. We found an enhancement of clumps at Galactocentric radii of 4.5 and 6kpc. The comparison of the NH_3_ lines as high-density probes with the GRS ^13^CO emission as low-density envelope tracer yields broader linewidths for ^13^CO than for NH_3_. The small differences in derived clump velocities between NH_3_ (representing dense core material) and ^13^CO (representing more diffuse molecular cloud gas) suggests that the cores are essentially at rest relative to the surrounding giant molecular cloud. The high detection rate (87%) confirms ammonia as an excellent probe of the molecular content of the massive, cold clumps revealed by ATLASGAL. A clear trend of increasing rotational temperatures and linewidths with evolutionary stage is seen for source samples ranging from 24 micron dark clumps to clumps with embedded HII regions. The survey provides the largest ammonia sample of high-mass star forming clumps and thus presents an important repository for the characterization of statistical properties of the clumps and the selection of subsamples for detailed, high-resolution follow-up studies.2012A&A...544A.146Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/544/A146CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/540/A113 : Starless clumps in ATLASGAL (Tackenberg+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/544/A146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/544/A146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/544/A146https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/544/A146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/544/A146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/544/A146GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/544/A146/sources (Source positions, NH_3_ parameters and parameters derived from NH_3_ and 870{mu} data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/544/A146/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/544/A146/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/544/A146/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.3038125-24.2078194440.0055555555555555565/3588 7229 7275 7278 7365 7376-7377 7383 7564 7578-7579 7604-7605 7678-7679 6/12968 12970-12971 12974 14337 14341 14343 28890-28891 28901 28912-28913 28915 29090-29091 29094-29097 29116 29118-29119 29160 29162 29457 29522 29526 29528-29529 30218-30219 30222-30223 30240-30241 30244-30245 30247 30260 30262-30263 30268-30269 30330 30405 30592 30594-30595 30600-30601 30604 30618-30619 30622-30623 30641 30644-30645 30688 30691-30692 30694-30695 30701 30707 30710 32085https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/544/A146?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/A+A/544/A146/table5Line parameters derived from the ^13^CO(1-0) transition for 513 ATLASGAL sources emitting ^13^COrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameATLASGAL source name (GLLL.ll+B.bb)meta.id;meta.maincharm_Name[ab] Multiplicity index on Namemeta.code.multipcharv13CO? LSR velocity of the ^13^CO(1-0) linekm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrdoublenullablee_v13CO? rms uncertainty on v13COkm/sstat.errorfloatnullabledv13CO? ^13^CO linewidthkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_dv13CO? rms uncertainty on dv13COkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableTMB13CO? Main beam brightness temperature of the ^13^CO(1-0) transition (110.201GHz)Kphys.temperature;meta.maindoublenullablee_TMB13CO? rms uncertainty on TMB13COKstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/544/A146/sourcesSource positions, NH_3_ parameters and parameters derived from NH_3_ and 870{mu} datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharspNH_3_ (1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) spectrameta.ref.urlcharNameATLASGAL source name (GLLL.ll+B.bb)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_Name[ab] Multiplicity index on Namemeta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Right Ascension J2000pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination J2000pos.eq.dec;meta.main11Dowload the NH_3_(1,1) spectrummeta.ref.urlchar22Dowload the NH_3_(2,2) spectrummeta.ref.urlchar33Dowload the NH_3_(3,3) spectrummeta.ref.urlchartau(1,1)Optical depth of NH_3_(1,1) line (23.694GHz)phys.absorption.opticalDepthfloate_tau(1,1)rms uncertainty on tau(1,1)stat.errorfloatv(1,1)LSR velocity of the NH_3_(1,1) inversion transitionkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloate_v(1,1)rms uncertainty on v(1,1)km/sstat.errorfloatdv(1,1)NH_3_(1,1) linewidthkm/sspect.line.widthfloate_dv(1,1)rms uncertainty on dv(1,1)km/sstat.errorfloatTMB(1,1)NH_3_(1,1) main beam brightness temperatureKphys.temperature;meta.mainfloate_TMB(1,1)rms uncertainty on TMB(1,1)Kstat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharv(2,2)? LSR velocity of the NH_3_(2,2) inversion transition (23.722GHz)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_v(2,2)? rms uncertainty on v(2,2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullabledv(2,2)? NH_3_(2,2) linewidthkm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_dv(2,2)? rms uncertainty on dv(2,2)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_TMB(2,2)Limit flag on TMB(2,2)meta.code.errorcharTMB(2,2)? NH_3_(2,2) main beam brightness temperatureKphys.temperature;meta.mainfloatnullablee_TMB(2,2)? rms uncertainty on TMB(2,2)Kstat.errorfloatnullablev(3,3)? LSR velocity of the (3,3) line (23.870GHz)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_v(3,3)? rms uncertainty on v(3,3)km/sstat.errorfloatnullabledv(3,3)? NH_3_(3,3) linewidthkm/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_dv(3,3)? rms uncertainty on dv(3,3)km/sstat.errorfloatnullablel_TMB(3,3)Limit flag on TMB(3,3)meta.code.errorcharTMB(3,3)? NH_3_(3,3) main beam brightness temperatureKphys.temperature;meta.mainfloatnullablee_TMB(3,3)? rms uncertainty on TMB(3,3)Kstat.errorfloatnullableTrot? Rotational temperature between the NH_3_(1,1) and (2,2) inversion transitionKphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Trot? rms uncertainty on TrotKstat.errorfloatnullableTkin? Kinetic temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullablee_Tkin? rms uncertainty on TkinKstat.errorfloatnullablelog(NNH3)? NH_3_ column density log(N(NH_3_))log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_log(NNH3)? rms uncertainty on log(NNH3)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableeta? Beam filling factor {eta}arith.factor;stat.filling;instr.beamfloatnullableNH2? H_2_ column density N(NH_2_)1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnullablechi? NH_3_ abundance {chi}=N(NH_3_)/N(H_2_)phys.abundfloatnullableS870? 870 micron dust continuum flux integrated over 40arcsecJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullableDnear? Near kinematic distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablen_Dnear[*] * for source with known distancemeta.notecharDfar? Far kinematic distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablen_Dfar[*] * for source with known distancemeta.notechar