J/A+A/517/A81ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/517/A81doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35170081CDSGratton R.G.Carretta E.Bragaglia A.Lucatello S.S'Orazii V.2017-07-10T06:35:36Z2010-09-13T07:54:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clusterschemical-abundanceshorizontal-branch-starsThe second parameter (the first being metallicity) defining the distribution of stars on the horizontal branch (HB) of globular clusters (GCs) has long been one of the major open issues in our understanding of the evolution of normal stars. Large photometric and spectroscopic databases are now available: they include large and homogeneous sets of colour-magnitude diagrams, cluster ages, and homogeneous data about chemical compositions from our FLAMES survey. We use these databases to re-examine this issue. Methods. We use the photometric data to derive median and extreme (i.e., the values including 90% of the distribution) colours and magnitudes of stars along the HB for about a hundred GCs. We transform these into median and extreme masses of stars on the HB, using the models developed by the Pisa group, and taking into account evolutionary effects. We compare these masses with those expected at the tip of the red giant branch (RGB) to derive the total mass lost by the stars.2010A&A...517A..81Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/517/A81CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/195 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1996)J/A+A/391/945 : HST photometry of 74 galactic globular clusters (Piotto+ 2002)J/A+AS/144/5 : Nearby globular clusters photometric catalog (Rosenberg+ 2000)J/A+AS/145/451 : Nearby globular clusters photometric catalog (Rosenberg+ 2000)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/517/A81https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/517/A81http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/517/A81https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/517/A81https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/517/A81http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/517/A81GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/517/A81/clusters (Globular clusters studied: basic parameters, ages and R' parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/517/A81/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/517/A81/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/517/A81/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.0223292-72.08144440.0055555555555555566/6389 9436 9666 10008 10321 10336 12405 12425 12943 14489 16647 19091 21017 24843 25873 27981 27986 28067 28705 28717 28741 28751 28769 28778 28868 28889 28959 28962 28970 28973-28974 29184 29187 29195 29202 29216 29222 29231 29233 29248 29267 29289 29294 29318 29626 29632 29636 29870 30321 30378 30769 30998 31019 31043 31115 31417 33321 33330 33635 34242 37294 38465 39642 41011 41257 41304 41507 41522 41847 41852 42076 42278 42314 42320 42361 42466 42700 42761 42841 42955 42990 44086 44220 44427 47125 47620 47777 47825 47866 47868 47971 48434 48698 48952https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/517/A81?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/517/A81/clustersGlobular clusters studied: basic parameters, ages and R' parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGC/ICCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNameOther namemeta.idchar[Fe/H]Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloat(m-M)VDistance modulus calculated from V magnitudemagphot.mag.distModfloatE(B-V)Redenningmagphot.color.excessfloatVMAGAbsolute V magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.opt.VfloatHBR? Horizontal-branch ratio = (B-R)/(B+V+R)stat.paramdoublenullableAge? Estimated cluster ageGyrtime.agefloatnullableM(TO)? Mass at turn-offsolMassphys.massdoublenullableM(RGB)? Mass at the tip of the red-giant branchsolMassphys.massdoublenullableIQR1? Interquartile of the [Na/O] (anti-)correlationsstat.correlationfloatnullableIQR2? Interquartile of the [Mg/Al] (anti-)correlationsstat.correlationdoublenullableT(HB)? Horizontal-branch effective temperature (log scale)log(K)phys.temperature.effectivedoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDScharAge(HB)H? Age from horizontal branch fitting, for HST data-setGyrtime.agedoublenullableAge(HB)g? Age from horizontal branch fitting, for ground-based data-setGyrtime.agedoublenullableAge(Y)? Age value, determined with YmedGyrtime.agedoublenullableR'(HST)? R' parameter as derived from HST data (1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_R'(HST)? rms uncertainty on R'(HST)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableR'(GR)? R' parameter as derived from ground-based data (1)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_R'(GR)? rms uncertainty on R'(GR)stat.fit.paramfloatnullable<R'>? Mean R' parameter (1) (2)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_<R'>? rms uncertainty on <R'>stat.fit.paramfloatnullableY(<R'>)? He abundance for R'=<R'>stat.fit.paramdoublenullablee_Y(<R'>)? rms uncertainty on Y(<R'>)stat.fit.paramfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/517/A81/hstStudies from HST data: photometry, intrinsic horizontal-branch photometric parameter and massesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_F555rms uncertainty on F555magstat.errorfloatF555mMinimum F555W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_F555mrms uncertainty on F555mmagstat.errorfloat439-555mMinimum F439W-F555W colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_439-555mrms uncertainty on (F439-F555)mmagstat.errorfloat439-555MMaximum F439W-F555W colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatNGC/ICCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharn(HB)Number of Horizon Branch starsmeta.numberintn(fld)[0/125] Number of field stars (G1)meta.numberintF555Median F555W magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloat439-555Median F439W-F555W colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_439-555rms uncertainty on F439-F555magstat.errorfloate_439-555Mrms uncertainty on (F439-F555)Mmagstat.errorfloatn(RGB)Number of RGB starsmeta.numberint439-555GF439W-F555W colour index for RGBmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloate_439-555Grms uncertainty on (F439-F555)RGBmagstat.errorfloat(B-V)0GIntrinsic B-V colour index value, for RGBmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloat(B-V)0mMinimim B-V colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloat(B-V)0Median B-V colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloat(B-V)0MMaximum B-V colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatVMAGMMaximum absolute V magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatVMAGMedian absolute V magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatMminMimimum masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mmin? rms uncertainty on MminsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMmedMedian masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mmed? rms uncertainty on MmedsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMmax? Maximum masssolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mmax? rms uncertainty on MmaxsolMassstat.errorfloatnullabledMmed? Difference between median and minimum massessolMassphys.massfloatnullableJ/A+A/517/A81/groundStudies from ground-based data: photometry, intrinsic horizontal-branch photometric parameter and massesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGC/ICCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharn(HB)Number of HB stars in the clustermeta.numberintn(fld)[0/47] Number of field stars (G1)meta.numberintVmagMedian V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmagrms uncertainty onmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatV-IMedian V-I colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloate_V-Irms uncertainty on V-Imagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatVmagmMinimum V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_Vmagmrms uncertainty onmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Vfloat(V-I)mMinimum V magnitudemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloate_(V-I)mrms uncertainty on (V-I)mmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloat(V-I)MMaximum V-I colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloate_(V-I)Mrms uncertainty on (V-I)Mmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloatn(RGB)Number of RGB starsmeta.numberint(V-I)GV-I colour index for RGBmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloate_(V-I)Grms uncertainty on (V-I)RGBmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloat(V-I)0GIntrinsic V-I colour index value, for RGBmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloat(V-I)0mMimimum V-I colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloat(V-I)0Median V-I colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Ifloat(V-I)0MMaximum V-I colour index valuemagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.IfloatVMAGMMaximum absolute V magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatVMAGMedian absolute V magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatMminMimimum masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mmin? rms uncertainty on MminsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMmedMedian masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mmed? rms uncertainty on MmedsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMmax? Maximum masssolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mmax? rms uncertainty on MmaxsolMassstat.errorfloatnullabledMmed? Difference between median and minimum massessolMassphys.massfloatnullableJ/A+A/517/A81/RR-LyrProperties of the RR Lyrae variables for each clusterrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGC/ICCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharS(RR)? RR Lyrae richness parameter (Harris, 1996, Cat. VII/195) (1)src.class.richnessfloatnullablen(RR)H? Number of RR Lyrae stars for HST samplemeta.numberintnullablef(RR)H? Fraction of RR Lyrae stars for HST samplemeta.notefloatnullablen(RR)g? Number of RR Lyrae for ground-based samplemeta.idintnullablef(RR)g? Fraction of RR Lyrae for ground-based samplemeta.notefloatnullablef(RR)? Fraction of RR Lyrae starsmeta.notefloatnullable<Pab>? Mean perioddtime.period;stat.meanfloatnullablen(Pab)? Number of stars used to determine the periodmeta.numberintnullableJ/A+A/517/A81/table12Spread in He and mass required explaining the HBrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGC/ICCluster namemeta.id;meta.mainchardM(Y)Spread in mass {delta}M(Y)solMassstat.fit.paramdoubleYmedMedian He abundance valuephys.abund.YdoubleYmaxMaximum He abundance valuephys.abund.YdoubledYDifference between maximum and median Y valuesstat.fit.paramdoubled(B-V)Colour spread in {delta}(B-V)magstat.fit.paramdoubled(V-I)Colour spread in {delta}(V-I)magstat.fit.paramdouble