J/A+A/382/513ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/382/513doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.33820513CDSReshetnikov V.Battaner E.Combes F.Jimenez-Vicente J.2002-07-10T18:46:44Z2002-07-10T18:46:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometrygalaxy-classification-systemsredshiftedWe present a statistical study of the presence of galaxy warps in the Hubble deep fields. Among a complete sample of 45 edge-on galaxies above a diameter of 1.3", we find 5 galaxies to be certainly warped and 6 galaxies as good candidates. In addition, 4 galaxies reveal a characteristic U-warp. Compared to statistical studies of local warps, and taking into account the strong bias against observing the outer parts of galaxies at high redshift, these numbers point towards a very high frequency of warps at z~1: almost all galaxy discs might be warped. Furthermore, the amplitude of warps are stronger than for local warps. This is easily interpreted in terms of higher galaxy interactions and matter accretion in the past. This result supports these two mechanisms as the best candidates for the origin of early warps. The mean observed axis ratio of our sample of edge-on galaxies is significantly larger in the high-z sample than is found for samples of local spiral galaxies. This might be due to disk thickening due to more frequent galaxy interactions.2002A&A...382..513Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/382/513CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/513/34 : HDF photometric redshifts catalog (Fernandez-Soto+, 1999)J/AJ/120/2206 : NTT, HDF-S and HDF-N photometric redshifts (Fontana+, 2000)J/ApJ/538/29 : HDF-N Caltech faint galaxy redshift survey. X. (Cohen+, 2000)J/ApJ/538/493 : HDF-South NICMOS field (Yahata+, 2000)J/ApJS/127/1 : UGRK Photometry in the Hubble Deep field region (Hogg+, 2000)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/382/513https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/382/513http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/382/513https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/382/513https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/382/513http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/382/513GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/382/513/table1 (Edge-on galaxies in the HDF-N)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true189.2445958362.204758330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/382/513/table2 (Edge-on galaxies in the HDF-S)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/382/513/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true338.2675833-60.56851110.0055555555555555566/11252 45526https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/382/513?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/382/513/table1Edge-on galaxies in the HDF-NrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[FLY99]Number according to the catalogue of Fernandez-Soto et al., 1999, Cat. <J/ApJ/513/34>meta.id;meta.mainintSimbadask the SIMBAD data-base about this objectmeta.refcharXposX positionpixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detfloatYposY positionpixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detfloat[WBD96]Williams et al. (1996, Cat. <J/AJ/112/1335>) identification numbermeta.idcharImagI814 magnitude in AB photometric systemmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatz? Spectroscopic redshift (Cohen et al. 2000, Cat. <J/ApJ/538/29>; Hogg et al. 2000, Cat. <J/ApJS/127/1>)src.redshiftfloatnullablez1Photometric redshift from Fernandez-Soto et al. (1999, Cat. <J/ApJ/513/34>)src.redshiftfloatz2Photometric redshift according to Fontana et al. (2000, Cat. <J/AJ/120/2206>)src.redshiftfloatTypeBest-fit spectral type of galaxy, Fernandez-Soto et al. 1999, Cat. <J/ApJ/513/34>src.spTypecharWarp[456U] Index of warp (G1)meta.code;src.morphcharRAJ2000Right Ascension J2000 (hours) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination J2000 (degrees) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/382/513/table2Edge-on galaxies in the HDF-SrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName according to the Stony Brook catalogue, (Yahata et al., 2000ApJ...538..493Y) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharImagI814 magnitude in AB photometric systemmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatz1Photometric redshift from Fernandez-Soto et al. 1999, Cat. <J/ApJ/513/34>src.redshiftfloatz2Photometric redshift according to Fontana et al. (2000, Cat. <J/AJ/120/2206>)src.redshiftfloatTypeBest-fit spectral type of galaxy (Fernandez-Soto et al. 1999, Cat. <J/ApJ/513/34>)src.spTypecharWarp[4-6]? Index of warp (G1)meta.code;src.morphintnullableRAJ2000Right Ascension J2000 (hours) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination J2000 (degrees) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.main