J/A+A/373/1032ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/373/1032doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.33731032CDSSiodmiak N.Tylenda R.2018-01-10T11:47:36Z2001-09-07T20:53:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frplanetary-nebulaeradio-astronomystellar-radiiWe have analysed the radio fluxes for 264 planetary nebulae for which reliable measurements of fluxes at 1.4 and 5 GHz, and of nebular diameters are available. For many of the investigated nebulae, the optical thickness is important, especially at 1.4 GHz. Simple models like the one specified only by a single optical thickness or spherical, constant density shells do not account satisfactorily for the observations. Also an r^-2^ density distribution is ruled out. A reasonable representation of the observations can be obtained by a two-component model having regions of two different values of optical thickness. We show that the nebular diameters smaller than 10" are uncertain, particularly if they come from photographic plates or Gaussian fitting to the radio profile. While determining the interstellar extinction from an optical to radio flux ratio, caution should be paid regarding optical thickness effects in the radio. We have developed a method for estimating the value of self absorption. At 1.4 GHz self absorption of the flux is usually important and can exceed a factor of 10. At 5 GHz self absorption is negligible for most of the objects, although in some cases it can reach a factor of 2. The Galactic bulge planetary nebulae when used to calibrate the Shklovsky method give a mean nebular mass of 0.14M_{sun}_. The statistical uncertainty of the Shklovsky distances is smaller than a factor of 1.5.2001A&A...373.1032Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/373/1032CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker+, 1992)VII/34 : ESO/Uppsala Survey of the ESO(B) Atlas (Lauberts 1982)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/373/1032https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/373/1032http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/373/1032https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/373/1032https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/373/1032http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/373/1032GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/373/1032/table1 (Observational data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/373/1032/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/373/1032/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/373/1032/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true262.34875-26.4344440.0055555555555555566/1051 1223 1244 1552 1562 2883 2979 2993 3152 3332 3353 3732 12852 12857 12960 12971-12972 12984 12992 13036 13039 13044 13055 13676 13968 13995 14005 14060 14063 14118 14214 14258 14282 14338-14339 14344 14360 14362-14363 14402 14428 14443 14452 14596 14606 14642 14796 15377 15407 15425 15435 15437 15472 15481 15552 15621 15632 15739 15752 20816 20826 20829 21315 21523 21600 21609 22137 22166 23389 23658 23816 23949 24036 24361 28705 28711 28716 28718 28722 28726 28728 28730-28734 28754 28772 28774 28776 28779-28780 28782-28783 28791 28796 28805 28817 28819-28820 28822-28823 28825 28835 28837-28838 28843-28845 28847 28849-28850 28854 28856 28858 28860 28864 28868 28870-28872 28881 28885 28898 28906-28907 28917 28922-28923 28943 28963 28975 28977 28980 29056 29061-29062 29078 29096 29104 29109 29130 29146-29147 29160 29165 29168 29182 29189 29193 29200-29201 29205-29206 29236 29254-29255 29257 29260 29262 29266 29276 29286 29297-29298 29317 29350 29405 29427 29448 29451 29454 29470 29472 29520 29527 29537 29540 29566 29654 29852 29868 29899 30208-30209 30214 30221 30226 30264 30266 30276 30283 30305 30308 30340 30364 30385 30403 30431 30472 30491 30504-30505 30511 30615 30621 30637 30656 30658 30665 30684 30686 30697 30704 30711 30803 31026 31775 31847 32071 32083 32193 39717 39775 39822 39935 40070 40571 40621 42446 42478-42479 42490 42711 42773 42775 42835 44048 44416 47859https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/373/1032?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/373/1032/table1Observational dataNameUsual namemeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGPNG designationmeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharF1.4GHzFlux measurement at 1.4GHz from Condon & Kaplan (1998, Cat. <J/ApJS/117/361>)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatF5GHzFlux at 5GHzmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloatr_F5GHzReferences for F5GHz in refs.dat filemeta.refcharDiamRad? Angular diameter from radio observationsarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablen_DiamRad[+] +: more reliable measurementmeta.notecharr_DiamRadReferences for DiamRad in refs.dat filemeta.refcharl_DiamOptLimit flag on DiamOptmeta.code.errorcharDiamOpt? Nebular diameter from optical observationsarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablen_DiamOpt[+] +: more reliable measurementmeta.notecharST[ST ] ST: stellarmeta.codecharr_DiamOptReferences for diamOpt in refs.dat filemeta.refcharDiamAdopted diameterarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/373/1032/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.refcharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar