VOTable 1.5
  description: PPMXL is a catalog of positions, proper motions, 2MASS- and optical photometry of 900 million stars and galaxies, aiming to be complete down to about V=20 full-sky. It is the result of a re-reduction of USNO-B1 together with 2MASS to the ICRS as represented by PPMX. This service additionally provides improved proper motions computed according to Vickers et al, 2016 (:bibcode:`2016AJ....151...99V`).
RESOURCE (results)
INFO sql_query = SELECT ppmxl.main.ipix, ppmxl.main.raj2000, ppmxl.main.dej2000, ppmxl.main.e_raepra, ppmxl.main.e_deepde, ppmxl.main.pmra, ppmxl.main.pmde, ppmxl.main.e_pmra, ppmxl.main.e_pmde, ppmxl.main.nobs, ppmxl.main.epra, ppmxl.main.epde, ppmxl.main.jmag, ppmxl.main.e_jmag, ppmxl.main.hmag, ppmxl.main.e_hmag, ppmxl.main.kmag, ppmxl.main.e_kmag, ppmxl.main.b1mag, ppmxl.main.b2mag, ppmxl.main.r1mag, ppmxl.main.r2mag, ppmxl.main.imag, ppmxl.main.magsurveys, ppmxl.main.flags, ppmxl.main.vickers_pmra, ppmxl.main.vickers_pmde FROM ppmxl.main LIMIT 1 | ADQL query translated to local SQL (for debugging)
INFO query = SELECT TOP 1 * FROM ppmxl.main | Original ADQL query
INFO QUERY_STATUS = OK | Query successful
INFO server_software = DaCHS/2.12.2 twistedWeb/22.4.0 | Software that produced this VOTable
INFO server = http://dc.g-vo.org | Base URI of the server
INFO citation = http://dc.g-vo.org/tableinfo/ppmxl.main#ti-citing | Advice on citing this resource
INFO citation = http://dc.g-vo.org/__system__/tap/run/howtocite | Advice on citing this resource
INFO publication_id = 2010AJ....139.2440R | A bibliographic source citable for (parts of) this data
INFO ivoid = ivo://org.gavo.dc/ppmxl/q/corr | Originating VO resource
INFO ivoid = ivo://org.gavo.dc/ppmxl/q/cone | Originating VO resource
INFO ivoid_service = ivo://org.gavo.dc/tap | Originating VO service
INFO publisher = The GAVO DC team | Data centre that has delivered the data
INFO rights = To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to PPMXL. For details, see the `Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain dedication <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>`_. Of course, you should still give proper credit when using this data as required by good scientific practice. .. image:: /static/img/cc0.png :alt: [CC0] | Legal conditions applicable to (parts of) the data contained
INFO rights_uri = https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html | URI of legal conditions applicable to (parts of) the data contained
INFO request_date = 2026-03-25T17:21:46Z
INFO contact = gavo@ari.uni-heidelberg.de | Contact option
INFO reference_url = http://dc.g-vo.org/tableinfo/ppmxl.main | More information on the data Source
INFO reference_url = http://dc.g-vo.org/__system__/tap/run/info | More information on the data Source
INFO creator = Röser, S. | Name of a person or entity that produced a contributing resource
INFO creator = Demleitner, M. | Name of a person or entity that produced a contributing resource
INFO creator = Schilbach, E. | Name of a person or entity that produced a contributing resource
INFO creator = Vickers, J. J. | Name of a person or entity that produced a contributing resource
INFO creator = GAVO Data Centre | Name of a person or entity that produced a contributing resource
COOSYS ID=system system=ICRS epoch=J2000.0 refposition=BARYCENTER
TABLE main
GROUP (stc:CatalogEntryLocation)
PARAM CoordFlavor = SPHERICAL |  | char[*] |  | stc:AstroCoordSystem.SpaceFrame.CoordFlavor | 
PARAM CoordRefFrame = ICRS |  | char[*] |  | stc:AstroCoordSystem.SpaceFrame.CoordRefFrame | 
PARAM ReferencePosition = BARYCENTER |  | char[*] |  | stc:AstroCoordSystem.SpaceFrame.ReferencePosition | 
PARAM Epoch = 2000.0 |  | char[*] |  | stc:AstroCoords.Position2D.Epoch | 
PARAM yearDef = J |  | char[*] |  | stc:AstroCoords.Position2D.Epoch.yearDef | 
PARAM URI = http://www.ivoa.net/xml/STC/stc-v1.30.xsd |  | char[*] |  | stc:DataModel.URI | 
  members: e_raepRA, e_deepDE, raj2000, dej2000, e_pmRA, e_pmDE, pmRA, pmDE
GROUP note-4
  description: nobs may be NULL for stars coming from ARIHIP or Tycho-2 via PPMX (i.e., bit 1 is set in flags).
  members: nobs
GROUP note-1
  description: Magnitudes from USNO-B should be used with care. Photometric calibration may be severely off for some plates. For objects from PPMX (bit 1 set in flags), these magnitudes have a special meaning as per the following table: ============ =========== =============================== PPMXL column PPMX column PPMX content ============ =========== =============================== b1mag Cmag Catalogue magnitude from source b2mag Bmag Johnson B magnitude r1mag Rmag calc. Ru magnitude from source r2mag N/A always None imag Vmag Johnson V magnitude ============ =========== =============================== See also the `PPMX table info </__system__/dc_tables/show/tableinfo/ppmx.data>`_ .
  members: b1mag, b2mag, r1mag, r2mag, imag
GROUP note-2
  description: magSurveys is built by concatenating the digits assigned to the surveys for b1mag, b2mag, r1mag, r2mag, and imag (in this sequence). The digits are those of given in Note h to Table 3 in 2003AJ....125..984M, except we do not distinguish POSS-II N and SERC-I as a part of POSS-I-N (i.e., both 7 and 9 are 7 here). From this field, you can also see which of the surveys contributing to USNO-B had positions for the object.
  members: magSurveys
GROUP note-3
  description: The flags column contains a bitwise or of warnings and similar conditions. The bit's meaning is as follows: :bit 0: If set, one of the coordinates had an excessively large chisquare. :bit 1: Row is from PPMX. These objects are mostly Tycho stars that were masked out of USNO-B. For these, the USNO magnitudes (b1mag through imag) have special meanings. See the note on magnitudes. :bit 2: Row is from PPMX and replaces a single row from USNO-B. This is done when the astrometry from PPMX was better (in terms of error estimates) than the astrometry of the corresponding PPMXL object. :bit 3: Row replaces multiple USNO-B1.0 objects. When PPMX contains an object that has more than one counterpart in PPMX-L, all such counterparts are discarded on the assumption that they should have been matched in USNO-B1.0 or result from erroneous matches. For these rows, bit 1 is always 1.
  members: flags
FIELD ipix |  | long | meta.id;meta.main |  | Identifier (Q3C ipix of the USNO-B 1.0 object) | values: null=-9223372036854775808; min=6818785279453; max=6917511003993822857
FIELD raj2000 | deg | double | pos.eq.ra;meta.main |  | Right Ascension J2000.0, epoch 2000.0 | values: min=6e-06; max=359.999987
FIELD dej2000 | deg | double | pos.eq.dec;meta.main |  | Declination J2000.0, epoch 2000.0 | values: min=-89.886005; max=89.939227
FIELD e_raepRA | deg | float | stat.error;pos.eq.ra;meta.main |  | Mean error in RA*cos(delta) at mean epoch | values: min=2.77999987e-07; max=5.75000013e-05
FIELD e_deepDE | deg | float | stat.error;pos.eq.dec;meta.main |  | Mean error in Dec at mean epoch | values: min=2.77999987e-07; max=5.69000003e-05
FIELD pmRA | deg/yr | float | pos.pm;pos.eq.ra |  | Proper Motion in RA*cos(delta) | values: min=-0.00268330006; max=0.00271879998
FIELD pmDE | deg/yr | float | pos.pm;pos.eq.dec |  | Proper Motion in Dec | values: min=-0.00271199993; max=0.00277099991
FIELD e_pmRA | deg/yr | float | stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.ra |  | Mean error in pmRA*cos(delta) | values: min=5.5600001e-08; max=2.47999997e-05
FIELD e_pmDE | deg/yr | float | stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.dec |  | Mean error in pmDE | values: min=2.78000005e-08; max=2.47999997e-05
FIELD nobs |  | short | meta.number;obs |  | Number of observations used | values: null=-1; min=2; max=15
FIELD epRA | yr | float | time.epoch;pos.eq.ra |  | Mean Epoch (RA) | values: min=1924.17004; max=2005.13
FIELD epDE | yr | float | time.epoch;pos.eq.dec |  | Mean Epoch (Dec) | values: min=1922.62; max=2005.13
FIELD Jmag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.IR.J |  | J selected default magnitude from 2MASS | values: min=-1.31400001; max=21.7490005
FIELD e_Jmag | mag | float | stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.J |  | J total magnitude uncertainty | values: min=0.0149999997; max=9.9989996
FIELD Hmag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.IR.H |  | H selected default magnitude from 2MASS | values: min=-2.2349999; max=20.1469994
FIELD e_Hmag | mag | float | stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.H |  | H total magnitude uncertainty | values: min=0.0; max=9.99800014
FIELD Kmag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.IR.K |  | K_s selected default magnitude from 2MASS | values: min=-2.66300011; max=19.8719997
FIELD e_Kmag | mag | float | stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.K |  | K_s total magnitude uncertainty | values: min=0.0; max=9.9989996
FIELD b1mag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.opt.B |  | B mag from USNO-B, first epoch | values: min=-0.620000005; max=64.8799973
FIELD b2mag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.opt.B |  | B mag from USNO-B, second epoch | values: min=-0.439999998; max=65.3799973
FIELD r1mag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.opt.R |  | R mag from USNO-B, first epoch | values: min=-1.22000003; max=65.4300003
FIELD r2mag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.opt.R |  | R mag from USNO-B, second epoch | values: min=0.170000002; max=65.4499969
FIELD imag | mag | float | phot.mag;em.opt.I |  | I mag from USNO-B | values: min=-0.639999986; max=65.1200027
FIELD magSurveys |  | char[*] | meta.code |  | Surveys the USNO-B magnitudes are taken from
FIELD flags |  | short | meta.code |  | Flags | values: null=-32768; min=0; max=10
FIELD vickers_pmra | deg/yr | float | pos.pm;pos.eq.ra |  | Proper motion in RA as re-corrected according to 2016AJ....151...99V, cos(delta) applied. This is only available for objects with 2MASS J magnitudes. e_pmRA still is suitable as an error estimate. | values: min=-0.00252390001; max=0.00211369991
FIELD vickers_pmde | deg/yr | float | pos.pm;pos.eq.dec |  | Proper motion in Dec as re-corrected according to 2016AJ....151...99V. This is only available for objects with 2MASS J magnitudes. e_pmDE still is suitable as an error estimate. | values: min=-0.0026771999; max=0.00215670001
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